Definition and Classification of the Pump

understanding Pump
Pump fluid is a type of machine that is used to move the fluid through the pipe from one place to another. In carrying out these functions, the pump shaft converts the energy of motion to move the blades into pressure energy in the fluid.

classification of Pumps
According to the principle of changing the form of energy that happens, the pump can be divided into:

1 Positive Displacement Pump
Also called positive action pump. The mechanical energy of the pump shaft rotation is converted into pressure energy to pump the fluid. In this type of pump generated head high but the resulting low capacity. Which includes this type of pump are:

a. rotary pump
In place of passing liquid centrifugal pumps, rotary pumps will concurrently fluid, pushing it through the pump house closed. Almost the same with the piston pump piston but do not like the pump piston (piston), rotary pump discharge to flow smoothly (smooth).

Various rotary pump:

     External gear pumps

This pump is a rotary pump types simplest. If the split gear serrations on the suction side, the liquid will fill the existing space between the serrations. This fluid will then be carried around and pressed her teeth out when united again

Figure 1: external gear pump
Source: William Wolansky & Arthur Akers, Modern Hydraulics, 1990.97
Gear pumps in

This type has a rotor that has serrations in the pairs with small gears with outer penggigian free (idler). A crescent-shaped bulkhead which can be used to prevent fluid back to the suction side of the pump.

Figure 2: Lobe pump
Source: William Wolansky & Arthur Akers, Modern Hydraulics, 1990.100

Pump lobe (lobe pump)

Lobe pump is similar to the type of gear pumps in terms of action and have 2 or more rotors with 2,3,4 or more lobes on each rotor. Rotor rotation was diserempakan by the outer gear.

Figure 3: Lobe pump
Source: William Wolansky & Arthur Akers, Modern Hydraulics, 1990.97

Pump screw (screw pump)

These pumps have 1,2 or 3 screw rotating within a stationary pump housing. Single screw pump having a spiral rotor rotating within a stator or helical layers in the (internal helix stator). Pump 2 screws or 3 screws each having one or two screws free (idler).

Figure 4: Three-scrow pump
Source: William Wolansky & Arthur Akers, Modern Hydroulics, 1990.102

Sliding vane pump (vane Pump)

These pumps use a propeller that still maintained house punched a hole pump by centrifugal force when the rotor is rotated. Fluid trapped between two rotating blades taken and forced out of the exhaust side of the pump.

Figure 5: Vane pump
Source: William Walonsky & Arthur Akers, Modern Hydraulics, 1990.103

b. Pump plunger (piston)
Piston pump discharge in limited quantities during the piston movement along the tracks. The volume of fluid displaced during the first step of the piston will be equal to the area of ​​the piston with a long multiplication step.
Various piston pump:
• According to the workings

     Single acting piston pump

Figure 6: Pump single work
Source: Schematy Pump

• Double-acting piston pumps

Figure 7: Double-acting pump
Source: Pomp Schematy• Menurut jumlah silinder :

o single-cylinder piston pump

Figure 8: Single cylinder piston pump
Source: Schematy pomp

o double-cylinder piston pump

Figure 9: double cylinder piston pump
a. swashplate pump
b. Bent - axis pump
Source: it.geocities.com

2 Dynamic Pump / Centrifugal Pump
Is a pump which has the main elements of a motor with impeller blades rotating at high speed. Fluid entering the impeller is accelerated by raising the fluid velocity and pressure and threw out volut. The process is as follows:
- Between the impeller blades and the fluid
Homing mechanical energy is converted into kinetic energy of the fluid
- In Volut
Fluid is directed kepipa press (exhaust), most of the fluid kinetic energy is converted into energy press.
Belonging to this type of pump are:

a. Radial pump.
Fluid sucked through the suction side of the pump is the result of rotation of the impeller which generates a vacuum pressure at the suction side. Furthermore, the fluid has been sucked thrown out the impeller due to the centrifugal force which is owned by the fluid itself. And then accommodated by the casing (pump house) before being discharged into the exhaust side. In this case in terms of the energy changes that occur, namely: mechanical energy of the pump shaft-blade impeller kesudu passed, then the blade exerts a force on the fluid kinetic.

Due to the large centrifugal force, fluid thrown out to fill the pump house and pump house in this most fluid kinetic energy is converted into energy press. Direction into the fluid in the axial direction of centrifugal pumps and pumping out in the radial direction. Centrifugal pumps are usually manufactured to meet the needs of medium to high head with a flow capacity of the medium. In the application of centrifugal pumps are widely used for the needs of the process of filling the kettle and household pumps.

Figure 10: Centrifugal Pump
Source: Sularso, pumps and compressors, 2000.7

b. Axial Pumps (Propeller)

Rotation of the impeller will suck the fluid being pumped and pressed to the side of the press in the axial direction due to the repulsion of the impeller. Axial pumps are usually manufactured to meet the needs of lower head with large flow capacity. In the application of axial pump is widely used for irrigation purposes.

Figure 11: Axial Pump
Source: Sularso, pumps and compressors, 2000,8

c. Mixed Flow Pump (Flow mix)
Head produced in this type of pump is partly due to the centrifugal force and partly by repulsion impeller. Exhaust flow partly radial and partly axial, this is why this type of pump called a mixed flow pump.